Three-quarter length
seated, wearing a red dress, a red curtain and seascape behind Signed centre left: JO Downman/1805 Coloured chalks and
stump over pencil heightened with white 30.2 by 25.2 cm., 12 by 9 ¾ in. Provenance: With J. Leger & Son, London, March 1946; Anonymous sale, Sotheby’s, 27th November 2003, lot
221; |
The sitter, the
daughter of Admiral Sir John Duckworth (1748-1817), was married to Captain
King,R.N. There are two studies for this portrait in an album in the British
Museum, fourth series, vol. III, nos. 25 and 26 - one of Sarah King and one
of her daughter. |
Signed on border lower right: Jo D and inscribed lower left: The
Turk who travelled with/Mr West through Italy Black and white chalk on blue
laid paper 24.9 by 21 cm., 9 ¾ by 8 ¼
in.
Provenance:
Anonymous sale, Bonham’s, 2nd October 1974
This is a rare drawing dating from Downman’s trip to Italy. He left Exeter in November 1773 reaching Rome on 3rd February 1774 in the company of Wright of Derby.
He spent most of 1774 sketching in
the Rome area and in spring 1775 he was in Florence where he sketched
extensively in the Uffizi. This drawing is likely to date from that period as a
`Mr West’ is recorded in Florence with the architect Christopher Ebdon
(17441824) in February 1775 (see John Ingamells, A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers in Italy 1701-1800,
1997, p.328 under Ebdon).
Three-quarter
length, in profile, the sea beyond
Signed lower left and
dated 1789
Watercolour and
coloured chalks heightened with touches of bodycolour, oval
19.8 by 16.1 cm., 7 ¾
by 6 ¼ in.
Provenance:
By descent in the
Monro family
Captain James Monro (1756-1806)
was the daughter of John Monro and his wife Elizabeth and the brother of Dr
Thomas Monro (???), the amateur artist and early patron of Turner and Girtin.
He was a captain in the East India Company and regularly skippered ships
between Britain and India.
Downman drew other members of the Monro
family in the same manner, his sisters Charlotte (Courtauld Institute of Art,
London, no. D.1967.WS.40) and Elizabeth (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, no.
2314.14).
Leaning
on a gate, by a horse and holding a whip
Signed
on the gate: J Downman/p.t 1786
Watercolour
over pencil heightened with touches of white
32.2 by 51.3 cm., 20 1/4 by 12 3/4 in.
Three-quarter
length leaning against a column with a landscape beyond, holding a pen in one
hand and a drawing of a tree in the other
Signed
lower left: JDownman/Pinxt/1781 and
extensively inscribed with details of sitter on canvas backing
Watercolour
and black chalk heightened with touches of white on wove paper laid on canvas,
with original wash mount
34
by 26.2 cm., 13 1/2 by 10 1/2 in.
Provenance:
Mrs
Reynolds-Peyton, 1917;
Anonymous
sale, 7th December 1999, lot 1
Literature:
Reproduced
in The Connoisseur, March 1917;
Kim
Sloan, `A Noble Art’ – Amateur Artists
and Drawing Masters c.1600-1800, 2000, p.155
The
sitter (1749-1833) was born Mary Danby, the daughter of William Danby of Swinton
Park, Masham, Yorkshire. Her first husband was Thomas Lockhart and in 1778 she
married secondly, William, son of the first Earl Harcourt. She was a pupil of
Alexander Cozens as a letter written to William Beckford in September 1781, the
year of the present portrait, indicates (Sloan, op.cit.). Several of her works are in public collections (Yale
Center, Leeds City Art Gallery and the Tate Gallery) where they were once
thought to be the work of Cozens.
Her
husband William Harcourt (1743-1830) was also a talented amateur artist (see
Sloan, op. cit., no.77, pp.117-8). He
was Deputy Ranger of Windsor Great Park from 1782 and the first Governor of the
Royal Military College at Marlow from 1796. He succeeded to the title on the
death of his brother in 1809 as the third Earl. In 1782 he purchased Gloucester
Lodge in St. Leonard’s Hill, Windsor.
Another portrait of the sitter by Downman, dated 1779,
shows her pointing at a globe.
Three-quarter length, seated,
a landscape beyond
watercolour and coloured
chalks heightened with touches of bodycolour, oval
34.7 by 25.5cm., 13 1/2 by
10 inches
Another version of this
portrait without the landscape is recorded in the Hodgkins collection (see G.C.
Williamson, John Downman ? His Life and Works, 1907, opposite p. xvi,
ill.)
Provenance:
Private Collection,
Head and shoulders
watercolour and coloured
chalks heightened with white, circular
22.8cm., 9 in. diameter
Emily Adolphus was the
daughter of John Adolphus (1768-1845), the barrister and writer. Her book
`Recollections of the Public Career and Private Life of the late John Adolphus,
the eminent Barrister and Historian, with extracts from his diaries, by his
daughter, Emily Henderson? was published in 1871
Provenance:
With Morton Morris and Co.,
The Estate of Mrs T. Conway
Full-length, the coast near Plymouth and the sea beyond
Signed lower right: Jo Downman/1806
Watercolour over pencil, coloured chalks and stump heightened with bodycolour
88.2 by 65.9 cm., 34 ¾ by 26 in.
This fine and imposing neo-classical portrait is an important rediscovery and addition to knowledge of Downman’s portrait work; the survival of the period carved Maratta frame in excellent condition makes it even more remarkable. The portrait, which dates from 1806, shows Mrs Ann Croad, née Chappell (1777-1837) and her daughter in a draped arbour with a landscape beyond them to the left. In 1798 Ann Chappell married John Croad, a prosperous Plymouth builder but was widowed fourteen months later. She was known as the `Determined Widow’ due to her resolution to continue her husband’s business after his death. Behind the sitters and to the right is a funerary urn draped in flowers with a Greek inscription reading “ouket ’ esti” (“he is no more”), an obvious reference to her deceased husband and giving additional meaning to the sumptuous mourning dress and prominently displayed wedding ring. The words give an air of classical refinement to the picture and are taken from Euripides' tragedy Orestes (line 1081); certainly no direct reference to the content of the play with its theme of the consequences of matricide is intended. The funerary urn is placed on an athiénienne, a small decorative stand in the form of an antique tripod which was popularised in France in the late eighteenth century. The coastline behind the sitters represents Plymouth, possibly with Staddon Heights or Wembury Point across the Sound on the left.
As Jane Munro wrote in her exhibition catalogue (John Downman 1750-1824, Landscape, figure studies and portraits of ‘Distinguished persons’, Fitzwilliam Museum, 1996), “By the end of the 1780s, although Downman continued to receive regular commissions for his portraits, his critical popularity was flagging. … one critic of 1789 put it ‘Downman’s heads have their usual delicacy and their usual sameness. He has but two passable faces, one face for ladies and another for gentlemen, & one or other of these prototypes all his likenesses are brought to resemble’ … Presumably in response to these signs of critical disfavour, Downman changed his style from around the middle of the 1790s, to produce portrait drawings which were larger in scale, bolder in execution, and more penetrating in their description of personality.” (p. 16). This is an excellent example of this new style and approach at the end of Downman‘s long and prolific career. “After c. 1800, Downman’s career was itinerant. Although he maintained an address in London, and continued to send works to the annual exhibitions at the Royal Academy and British Institution, he travelled extensively throughout England, no doubt accompanied by the reputation which he had gained in the capital. He appears to have spent much of the period from 1804 to 1806 in West Malling, Kent … and subsequently moved to Exeter, for the brief year of his marriage” (op. cit., p. 17). Plymouth, as a naval base and thriving provincial centre, was an understandable port of call for an itinerant portrait painter from London in search of business.
Downman exhibited publicly for the last time in 1819 before retiring. During this retirement in Chester and North Wales, Downman systematically organised into albums and series over eight hundred portrait drawings and studies which he had accumulated over half a century of professional activity. They were arranged in four series, roughly chronological in sequence, each series containing between four and eight volumes, with 25 to 30 drawings in each. The subsequent history of these albums is described by Jane Munro in Appendix II of her exhibition catalogue (op.cit., p. 77), and many of the studies are now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. An article in the Western Morning News, on 7th December 1931, records the sale of one of the Downman albums at Sotheby’s and records: “Downman was at Plymouth in 1806. Mementoes of that visit are the drawings of Mrs Hall, wife of Colonel Hall, of Plymouth Dock; one of her mother, Mrs Chappel; and three of her sister, the determined widow Mrs Croad". Five sketches of members of the family were in the Butleigh Court sketchbooks - this was the name given to three of the four Downman series - (see G.C. Williamson, John Downman R.A., 1907, p.LX, fourth series, volume five, nos. 29-33), which were broken up in the twentieth century. The study of Mrs Croad from this volume is now in the Cecil Higgins Art Gallery, Bedford (see Evelyn Joll, Cecil Higgins Art Gallery – Watercolours and Drawings, 2002, p.94). Another version, and a portrait of Mrs Croad’s sister, Mrs Hall, are in the Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, California.
The Cecil Higgins study is accompanied by a note in Downman’s hand reading “The determined Widow Mrs Croad 1806 / a Whole-length Group with her only Daughter”, which was the only previous reference to the existence of a full-length picture. The portrait was clearly a private commission and was not exhibited in London; there are no references to it by Joseph Farington, who is usually garrulous in his gossip about his fellow artist and near-contemporary in his famous diary. Mrs Croad lived at Kingham House just outside Plymouth on the west bank of the Tamar, but this was demolished during the later 19th century expansion of Devonport Dockyard. The picture’s subsequent history until its recent reappearance in a UK provincial saleroom is not known.